In all organisms, DNA and protein are synthesized by dedicated, but unrelated, machineries that move along distinct templates with no apparent coordination. Therefore, connections between DNA replication and translation are a priori unexpected. However, recent findings support the existence of such connections throughout the three domains of life. In particular, we recently identified in archaeal genomes a conserved association between genes encoding DNA replication and ribosome-related proteins which all have eukaryotic homologs. We believe that this gene organization is biologically relevant and, moreover, that it suggests the existence of a mechanism coupling DNA replication and translation in Archaea and Eukarya.